Properties of Materials

Properties of materials

1.    Elasticity :

When a material is loaded with elastic limit and which on being unloaded at elastic limit regains its original shape, this property of material is known as elasticity. The material showing the elastic property up to certain limit is known as elastic limit, is called elastic material. If the material is stressed beyond this limit full recovery is not possible, some permanent deformation will be left unrecovered. This part is irrecoverable is called Permanent Set.

2.    Creep :

If we apply same load for long duration of time, without increasing the load, deformation increases. Thus creep is the property of a material by virtue of which a material continues to deform with time under sustained or constant loading.

3.    Brittleness :

The tendency to break under an impact of load is called brittleness. It is opposite to ductility.

4.    Ductility :

It is the property of being permanently extended by tensile force to smaller section before it fracture. Commonly it is a property of material to be wire .

5.    Endurance Limit :

The stress below which a material has a probability of not failing under reversal stress is known as Endurance limit.

6.    Fatigue :

The phenomenon of decreased resistance of a material due to dynamic loading i.e reversal of stress is known as fatigue.

7.    Hardness :

It is the property which offer resistance to abrasion ( ability of material which resist against being scratched ). It is expressed in terms of Moh’s scale.

8.    Malleability :

It is the property of being permanently extended into sheets without fracture when rolled or hammered.

9.    Plasticity :

It is opposite property of elasticity . A perfectly pastic material is material which doesn’t return to its original shape when the loading causing deformation is removed.

10.  Resilience :

The strain energy stored in a material when strained within the elastic limit , is known as resilience and maximum energy stored in material at elastic limit is known as proof resilience.

11.  Stiffness :

It is that property of material due to which material can resist deformation.

12.  Tenancy :

Ultimate tensile strength of material is called tenancy.

13.  Toughness:

It is the property of material which enables it to absorb energy at high stress without fracture. The resistance if material to fracture by bending, twisting, fatigue, or impact of load is known as toughness.